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B.7B·Biology·DNA & Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis in the real world

Describe transcription and translation and how they produce proteins from a DNA template.

Transfer evidence, not just familiar practice

Correctly solve different fresh variations at least 24 hours after your first correct transfer response. Reviewing the same challenge again does not count as fresh retention evidence.

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Career · Pharmacology and genetic engineering

Drug development laboratory

A drug team studies a toxin that interferes with ribosomes and an engineered promoter that prevents RNA polymerase from binding. The protein-coding sequence itself is unchanged in the promoter case.

Why this TEKS matters

Protein production can fail at transcription or translation, so locating the interrupted step is essential before proposing a treatment.

Challenge 1

Locate a toxin's target process

Decide whether blocking tRNA attachment disrupts transcription or translation most directly.

Challenge 2

Diagnose a promoter defect

Predict the immediate effect when RNA polymerase cannot bind despite an intact coding sequence.

Everyday life · Health information and coding challenges

Decoding infection and synthetic messages

An infection lesson asks you to transcribe a short DNA template, while a museum coding challenge asks how many amino acids a synthetic mRNA can specify.

Why this TEKS matters

Complementary base pairing produces mRNA, and three-nucleotide codons determine amino-acid count with a stop codon ending translation.

Challenge 3

Transcribe an infection sequence

Write the mRNA in the correct direction from the given DNA template.

Challenge 4

Decode a synthetic mRNA

Calculate the polypeptide length while excluding the stop codon from the amino-acid count.